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Metasurfaces have recently risen to prominence in optical research, providing unique functionalities that can be used for imaging, beam forming, holography, polarimetry, and many more, while keeping device dimensions small. Despite the fact that a vast range of basic metasurface designs has already been thoroughly studied in the literature, the number of metasurfacerelated papers is still growing at a rapid pace, as metasurface research is now spreading to adjacent fields, including computational imaging, augmented and virtual reality, automotive, display, biosensing, nonlinear, quantum and topological optics, optical computing, and more. At the same time, the ability of metasurfaces to perform optical functions in much more compact optical systems has triggered strong and constantly growing interest from various industries that greatly benefit from the availability of miniaturized, highly functional, and efficient optical components that can be integrated in optoelectronic systems at low cost. This creates a truly unique opportunity for the field of metasurfaces to make both a scientific and an industrial impact. The goal of this Roadmap is to mark this “golden age” of metasurface research and define future directions to encourage scientists and engineers to drive research and development in the field of metasurfaces toward both scientific excellence and broad industrial adoption. 

Photogeneration of significant electrical voltages observed in plasmonic metasurfaces is promising for applications in plasmon-based electronics and plasmonic sensors with compact electrical detection. In order to better understand the role of the surface geometry, we study photoinduced electrical effects in profile-modulated plasmonic surfaces. Photoinduced voltages in strongly modulated plasmonic surfaces demonstrate highly asymmetric angular dependence with polarity switching at the plasmon resonance conditions. The effects are attributed to coupling between localized and propagating plasmons and discussed in the frame of the electromagnetic momentum loss approach.